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1.
Clinics ; 73: e410, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974919

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Tuberculosis is one of the most prevalent infections in humans. Although culture is the reference for diagnosis, its sensitivity is compromised, especially in paucibacillary samples. Because polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies mycobacterial DNA, it is more sensitive than culture for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, its performance can be affected by intrinsic sample inhibitors and by the extraction/detection techniques used. METHODS: We evaluated the influence of preanalytical conditions on Mtb detection in samples of sputum (SPU), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and pleural fluid (PF) using combinations of extraction/detection methods. Respiratory samples were prepared to contain different concentrations of red blood cells and nucleated cells to which increasing amounts of Mtb colonies were inoculated and submitted to PCR. RESULTS: Up to 102 CFU/ml of Mtb were detected in the SPU in all methods, except for the Roche extraction/detection method, regardless of the preanalytical sample condition. In BAL samples, medium and high concentrations of cells and high concentrations of red blood cells contributed to a lower Mtb detection, regardless of the extraction method used. In PF, red blood cells were the variable that most interfered with Mtb detection, with better recovery (102 CFU/ml) observed with the Qiagen/Nanogen combination. CONCLUSION: The choice of Mtb extraction and detection method is of fundamental importance for PCR analytical sensitivity, especially when paucibacillary samples and/or samples containing potential PCR inhibitors are analyzed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pleural Effusion/microbiology , Sputum/microbiology , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Tuberculosis, Pleural/microbiology , DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Colony Count, Microbial , Sensitivity and Specificity , Erythrocytes/microbiology
2.
J. bras. pneumol ; 38(4): 452-460, jul.-ago. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-647811

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar dois modelos de hipertensão pulmonar (monocrotalina e monocrotalina+pneumonectomia) em relação à gravidade hemodinâmica, estrutura de artérias pulmonares, marcadores inflamatórios (IL-1 e PDGF) e sobrevida em 45 dias. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 80 ratos Sprague-Dawley em dois protocolos de estudo: análise estrutural e de sobrevida. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos: controle, monocrotalina (M), pneumonectomia (P) e monocrotalina+pneumonectomia (M+P). Para a análise estrutural, 40 animais (10/grupo) foram cateterizados após 28 dias para a medição dos valores hemodinâmicos e sacrificados, obtendo-se tecidos cardíaco e pulmonar. O ventrículo direito (VD) foi dissecado do septo interventricular (SI), e a relação do peso do VD e do peso do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) com o SI foi obtida como índice de hipertrofia de VD. No tecido pulmonar, foram realizadas análises histológicas e dosados IL-1 e PDGF por ELISA. Para o estudo de sobrevida, 40 animais (10/grupo) foram observados por 45 dias. RESULTADOS: Os grupos M e M+P apresentaram hipertensão pulmonar em relação aos demais. Houve um aumento significativo da relação VD/VE+S no grupo M+P em relação aos demais. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos M e M+P quanto à área da camada média das artérias pulmonares, dosagens de IL-1 e PDGF ou sobrevida. CONCLUSÕES: Baseados nos resultados, não podemos afirmar que o modelo de monocrotalina+pneumonectomia é superior ao modelo de monocrotalina.


OBJECTIVE: To compare two models of pulmonary hypertension (monocrotaline and monocrotaline+pneumonectomy) regarding hemodynamic severity, structure of pulmonary arteries, inflammatory markers (IL-1 and PDGF), and 45-day survival. METHODS: We used 80 Sprague-Dawley rats in two study protocols: structural analysis; and survival analysis. The rats were divided into four groups: control; monocrotaline (M), pneumonectomy (P), and monocrotaline+pneumonectomy (M+P). In the structural analysis protocol, 40 rats (10/group) were catheterized for the determination of hemodynamic variables, followed by euthanasia for the removal of heart and lung tissue. The right ventricle (RV) was dissected from the interventricular septum (IS), and the ratio between RV weight and the weight of the left ventricle (LV) plus IS (RV/LV+IS) was taken as the index of RV hypertrophy. In lung tissues, we performed histological analyses, as well as using ELISA to determine IL-1 and PDGF levels. In the survival protocol, 40 animals (10/group) were followed for 45 days. RESULTS: The M and M+P rats developed pulmonary hypertension, whereas the control and P rats did not. The RV/LV+IS ratio was significantly higher in M+P rats than in M rats, as well as being significantly higher in M and M+P rats than in control and P rats. There were no significant differences between the M and M+P rats regarding the area of the medial layer of the pulmonary arteries; IL-1 and PDGF levels; or survival. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our results, we cannot conclude that the monocrotaline+pneumonectomy model is superior to the monocrotaline model.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Disease Models, Animal , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Interleukin-1/analysis , Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/analysis , Biomarkers/analysis , Hemodynamics , Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology , Pulmonary Circulation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
3.
J. bras. pneumol ; 37(4): 424-430, jul.-ago. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-597193

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: A linfangioleiomiomatose (LAM) é caracterizada pela presença de cistos pulmonares, cuja formação está associada à hiperreatividade de metaloproteinases de matriz (MMP), principalmente MMP-2 e MMP-9. Objetivamos comparar os níveis dessas MMPs entre pacientes com LAM e controles saudáveis, assim como avaliar, nas pacientes com LAM, a segurança e a eficácia do tratamento com doxiciclina, um potente inibidor de MMPs. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico prospectivo no qual as pacientes com LAM receberam doxiciclina (100 mg/dia) por seis meses, coletando-se amostras de urina e sangue para a dosagem de MMP-2 e MMP-9 antes e ao final do período. Foram ainda obtidas amostras de 10 mulheres saudáveis. RESULTADOS: De 41 pacientes com LAM que iniciaram o tratamento, 34 concluíram o protocolo. Os níveis de MMP-9 sérica e urinária foram significativamente inferiores no grupo controle (p < 0,0001). Comparando-se os valores antes e após o tratamento, a mediana do nível sérico da MMP-9 reduziu de 919 ng/mL para 871 ng/mL (p = 0,05), enquanto a mediana da dosagem urinária de MMP-9 diminui de 11.558 pg/mL para 7.315 pg/mL (p = 0,10). A mediana da MMP-2 sérica apresentou um decréscimo significativo após o tratamento (p = 0,04). Não foram detectados níveis de MMP-2 urinária. Epigastralgia, náuseas e diarreia foram os efeitos adversos mais prevalentes, e geralmente autolimitados. Apenas 1 paciente interrompeu o tratamento devido a efeitos colaterais. CONCLUSÕES: Pela primeira vez, conseguiu-se evidenciar em pacientes com LAM a redução dos níveis séricos e urinários de MMPs após o uso de doxiciclina, que se mostrou uma medicação segura, com efeitos colaterais leves e toleráveis.


OBJECTIVE: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is characterized by lung cysts, whose development is associated with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) hyperactivity, principally that of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Our objective was to compare LAM patients and controls in terms of the levels of these MMPs, as well as to determine the safety and efficacy of treatment with doxycycline, a potent MMP inhibitor. METHODS: Prospective clinical study involving female LAM patients who received doxycycline (100 mg/day) for six months. Urine and blood samples were collected for the quantification of MMP-2 and MMP-9 before and after the treatment period. Samples from 10 healthy women were also collected. RESULTS:Of the 41 LAM patients who started the treatment, 34 completed the protocol. Serum and urinary MMP-9 levels were significantly lower in the controls than in the LAM patients (p < 0.0001). Comparing pre- and post-treatment values, we found that the median level of MMP-9 in serum decreased from 919 ng/mL to 871 ng/mL (p = 0.05), whereas that of MMP-9 in urine decreased from 11,558 pg/mL to 7,315 pg/mL (p = 0.10). After treatment, the median level of MMP-2 in serum was significantly lower (p = 0.04) and urinary MMP-2 levels were undetectable. Nausea, diarrhea, and epigastric pain were the most prevalent adverse affects and were often self-limiting. There was only one case in which the patient discontinued the treatment because of side effects. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated, for the first time, a decrease in serum and urine levels of MMPs in LAM patients treated with doxycycline, which proved to be a safe medication, with mild and well-tolerated side effects.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Doxycycline/therapeutic use , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lymphangioleiomyomatosis/drug therapy , Matrix Metalloproteinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Case-Control Studies , Doxycycline/pharmacology , Lung Neoplasms/blood , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lymphangioleiomyomatosis/blood , Lymphangioleiomyomatosis/pathology , Matrix Metalloproteinases/blood , Matrix Metalloproteinases/urine , Prospective Studies , Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use
4.
São Paulo med. j ; 129(5): 315-319, 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-604791

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a complication of ascites, especially in cirrhosis. Ascitic fluid with 250 or more neutrophils/mm³ is an acceptable criterion for diagnosis, even when bacterial fluid cultures are negative. The aims here were to estimate SBP frequency among emergency room patients based on cellular criteria and evaluate the biochemical profile of these fluids. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at a public tertiary hospital. METHODS: Laboratory records of patients with ascites attended in emergency rooms between November 2001 and November 2006, from whom ascitic fluid samples were sent to the laboratory due to suspected SBP, were evaluated. The 691 samples included were divided into group A (presumed SBP: > 250 neutrophils/mm³; n = 219; 31.7 percent) and group B (no presumed SBP: < 250 neutrophils/mm3; n = 472; 68.3 percent). Patients' sex and age; ascitic fluid characteristics (numbers of neutrophils, leukocytes and nucleated cells); bacteriological characteristics; and protein, lactate dehydrogenase, adenosine deaminase and glucose concentrations were evaluated. RESULTS: Among group A cultured samples, 63 (33.8 percent) had positive bacterial cultures with growth of pathogens commonly associated with SBP. In total, the group A samples showed higher lactate dehydrogenase levels than seen in the group B samples. The latter presented predominance of lymphocytes and macrophages. CONCLUSION: Among the ascitic fluid samples with clinically suspected SBP, 31.7 percent fulfilled the cellular diagnostic criteria. Positive bacterial isolation was found in 33.8 percent of the cultured samples from the presumed SBP group.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Peritonite bacteriana espontânea (PBE) é uma complicação da ascite, especialmente na cirrose. Líquido ascítico com 250 ou mais neutrófilos/mm³ é um critério aceitável para o diagnóstico, mesmo com cultura bacteriana negativa. Os objetivos foram estimar a frequência de PBE em pacientes atendidos na sala de emergência, baseando-se no critério celular e avaliar o perfil bioquímico desses líquidos peritoneais. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo retrospectivo em hospital público terciário. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados registros laboratoriais de pacientes com ascite atendidos no setor de emergência entre novembro de 2001 e novembro de 2006, cujas amostras de líquido ascítico foram encaminhadas ao laboratório por suspeita de PBE. As 691 amostras incluídas foram divididas em grupo A (PBE presumida: > 250 neutrófilos/mm³; n = 219; 31.7 por cento) e grupo B (Ausência de PBE presumida: < 250 neutrófilos/mm3; n = 472; 68.3 por cento). Também foram avaliados sexo e idade dos pacientes além de características dos líquidos ascíticos: número de neutrófilos, leucócitos e células nucleadas; bacteriologia; e concentrações de proteínas, desidrogenase láctica, adenosina deaminase e glicose. RESULTADOS: Das amostras cultivadas do grupo A, 63 (33,8 por cento) tiveram cultura bacteriana positiva com crescimento de patógenos comumente associados à PBE. O total de amostras do grupo A exibiu maiores níveis de desidrogenase lática que as do grupo B. Este último demonstrou predomínio de linfócitos e macrófagos. CONCLUSÃO: Dos líquidos ascíticos com suspeita clínica de PBE, 31.7 por cento preencheram o critério diagnóstico celular. O isolamento bacteriano foi positivo em 33.8 por cento das amostras cultivadas no grupo PBE presumida.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ascitic Fluid/chemistry , Ascitic Fluid/microbiology , Peritonitis/pathology , Adenosine Deaminase/analysis , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Bacterial Infections/pathology , Emergencies , Neutrophils/pathology , Peritonitis/microbiology , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric
5.
J. bras. pneumol ; 35(6): 606-609, jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519311

ABSTRACT

O tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo é uma neoplasia com diferenciação neural de comportamento invasivo que origina metástases para diversos órgãos. Relatamos um caso de tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo primário em axila com metástases para pulmão, pleura, osso, músculo ilíaco e medula óssea. Enfatizamos o achado incomum da análise citológica do líquido pleural.


Primitive neuroectodermal tumor is an invasive neoplasm with neuronal differentiation, which frequently results in metastasis in various organs. We report the case of a patient with primitive neuroectodermal tumor whose primary site was the axilla. The patient presented with metastases in the lung, pleura, bone, iliac muscle and bone marrow. We highlight the uncommon finding in the pleural fluid cytology.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/pathology , Pleural Effusion, Malignant/diagnosis , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology , Axilla , Biopsy , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/secondary , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/therapy , Pleural Neoplasms/secondary , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/therapy
6.
São Paulo; s.n; 2006. [120] p. ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-587118

ABSTRACT

Os produtos derivados de asbesto são amplamente utilizados pelo setor industrial, sendo descritas diversas doenças relacionadas à sua exposição, entre elas, o tumor primário da pleura, ou mesotelioma. O mecanismo fisiopatológico da lesão pelas fibras de asbesto no espaço pleural ainda não está totalmente estabelecido. Entre os fatores possivelmente implicados estão os efeitos provocados por uma resposta inflamatória com migração celular e liberação de mediadores moleculares levando à necrose, apoptose e alterações na proliferação e fibrogênese. No entanto, existem dificuldades no estudo da resposta in vivo ao asbesto, principalmente em virtude da população multicelular da cavidade pleural. Neste sentido, tem sido preconizado na literatura o estudo envolvendo animais geneticamente modificados ou selecionados, a fim de melhor compreender o papel das diversas populações envolvidas neste processo. Neste trabalho, tivemos como objetivo estudar comparativamente a resposta inflamatória aguda no líquido pleural e em células mesoteliais em cultura expostas a diferentes fibras de asbesto. Para tanto, animais controle e geneticamente selecionados para alta (AIR max) e baixa (AIR min) resposta inflamatória, e células mesoteliais em cultura foram expostas às fibras de asbesto crocidolita ou crisotila. Após 4, 24 ou 48 horas foram avaliadas a produção das citocinas IL-1b, IL-6 e MIP-2. Adicionalmente, no modelo in vivo foi avaliado o perfil celular do líquido pleural e a expressão do Ra PDGF em RESUMO fragmentos de pleura, e no modelo in vitro a resposta celular de apoptose e necrose. Como resultados, as fibras de asbesto crocidolita e crisotila produziram, em animais AIR max, uma elevação significativa no líquido pleural de leucócitos, neutrófilos e da IL-1b em comparação aos controles e aos animais AIR min. Entretanto, não houve diferença no número de macrófagos, IL-6 e MIP-2. As células mesoteliais em cultura expostas tanto às fibras crocidolita quanto crisotila...


Asbestos-derived products are used thoroughly by industry. Several diseases related to asbestos exposition have been described, among them the primary tumor of the pleura mesothelioma. The mechanisms by which asbestos fibers produce injury to the pleural space are not clear. Among the factors possibly implicated are the effects secondary to an inflammatory response characterized by cellular migration and the release of molecular mediators leading to necrosis, apoptosis, cellular proliferation and fibrogenesis. However, it is difficulty to characterize the cellular response in vivo, mainly by virtue of the multi-cellular population present into the pleural cavity. Therefore, studies involving animals genetically modified or genetically selected have been proposed in the literature, in order to better understand the role of the several cellular populations involved in this complex process. In this study, our objective was to determine the inflammatory response of the pleural fluid and compare to the response of cultured mesothelial cells exposed to different asbestos fibers. Controls and mice genetically selected for high (AIR max) or low (AIR min) inflammatory response as well as mice cultured mesothelial cells were treated to crocidolite or chrysotile asbestos fibers. After 4, 24 or 48 hours the production of the cytokines IL-1b, IL-6 and MIP-2 were analyzed. In addition, the in vivo cellular profile of the pleural fluid and the Ra PDGF expression in the pleura fragments was documented. In parallel, the in vitro mesothelial cellular response of apoptosis and necrosis was quantified. Both asbestos fibers produced in AIR max mice a significant elevation in the pleural fluid total leukocytes, neutrophils and IL-1b levels in comparison to the controls and AIR min animals. However, no difference was found in the macrophage number, IL-6 and MIP-2 levels. Cultured mesothelial cells had a high apoptosis, necrosis...


Subject(s)
Animals , Adult , Mice , Apoptosis , Asbestos, Crocidolite , Asbestos, Serpentine , Inflammation , Mesothelioma , Mice , Models, Animal , Mineral Fibers/toxicity
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